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A team of Finnish and Swedish researchers have discovered that a high intake of cholesterol is a potent risk factor. Their study involved almost 10,000 Finnish men and women who were enrolled in 1967. By late 1999, 54 of the men and 55 of the women had developed cancer of the colon (63 cases) or the rectum (46 cases).

The corresponding values for women were more than 501 mg/day as compared to less than 288 mg/day for a risk increase of 3.26 times. The researchers found no statistically significant association between colon cancer risk and the intake of total fat and intake of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

There is considerable evidence that the risk of colorectal cancer (cancer of the colon or rectum) is intimately linked to diet. The researchers found that men who consumed more than 668 mg/day of cholesterol had a 3.26 times greater risk of colorectal cancer than did men who only consumed 402 mg/day or less.

The British Journal of Cancer (Vol. 85, No. 3, August 3, 2001 pp. 357-61) noted that there was a trend for the risk to increase with higher intakes of eggs (especially fried eggs) and red meat, but this trend did not reach statistical significance.