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New research has shown that fructose has the ability to significantly raise triglyceride levels, which may increase the risk of heart disease.

In the University of Minnesota study, researchers studied 24 healthy adults, who received one of 2 diets assigned randomly for a period of 6 weeks and then switched to the other diet for 6 weeks. One diet provided 17% of energy as fructose and the other diet was sweetened with glucose and was nearly devoid of fructose.

Both diets composed of common foods and contained nearly identical amounts of carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, cholesterol, and saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In men, the fructose diet raised plasma triglyceride levels by 32%, although there was no effect seen with the women being studied.

The authors concluded that "Diets high in added fructose may be undesirable, particularly for men."

In the University of California (Davis) study, researchers found that " Dietary fructose significantly increased serum triglyceride concentration across the life span in rats." This increase occurred regardless of whether or not the rats were fed calorie restricted diets or had free access to food, according to the The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (November 2000; 72: 1128-1134) and Journal of Nutrition, (December 2000;130: 3077-3084).